new audio engine backend for native CoreAudio audio I/O, and PortMIDI for MIDI.

Code builds, runs and functions. Full code review still pending, and some possibly changes to organization of code within the backend is possible

libs/backends/wavesaudio/portmidi/pmutil.h

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/* pmutil.h -- some helpful utilities for building midi 
+               applications that use PortMidi 
+ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+typedef void PmQueue;
+
+/*
+    A single-reader, single-writer queue is created by
+    Pm_QueueCreate(), which takes the number of messages and
+    the message size as parameters. The queue only accepts
+    fixed sized messages. Returns NULL if memory cannot be allocated.
+
+    This queue implementation uses the "light pipe" algorithm which
+    operates correctly even with multi-processors and out-of-order
+    memory writes. (see Alexander Dokumentov, "Lock-free Interprocess
+    Communication," Dr. Dobbs Portal, http://www.ddj.com/, 
+    articleID=189401457, June 15, 2006. This algorithm requires
+    that messages be translated to a form where no words contain
+    zeros. Each word becomes its own "data valid" tag. Because of
+    this translation, we cannot return a pointer to data still in 
+    the queue when the "peek" method is called. Instead, a buffer 
+    is preallocated so that data can be copied there. Pm_QueuePeek() 
+    dequeues a message into this buffer and returns a pointer to 
+    it. A subsequent Pm_Dequeue() will copy from this buffer.
+
+    This implementation does not try to keep reader/writer data in
+    separate cache lines or prevent thrashing on cache lines. 
+    However, this algorithm differs by doing inserts/removals in
+    units of messages rather than units of machine words. Some
+    performance improvement might be obtained by not clearing data
+    immediately after a read, but instead by waiting for the end
+    of the cache line, especially if messages are smaller than
+    cache lines. See the Dokumentov article for explanation.
+
+    The algorithm is extended to handle "overflow" reporting. To report
+    an overflow, the sender writes the current tail position to a field.
+    The receiver must acknowlege receipt by zeroing the field. The sender
+    will not send more until the field is zeroed.
+    
+    Pm_QueueDestroy() destroys the queue and frees its storage.
+ */
+
+PMEXPORT PmQueue *Pm_QueueCreate(long num_msgs, int32_t bytes_per_msg);
+PMEXPORT PmError Pm_QueueDestroy(PmQueue *queue);
+
+/* 
+    Pm_Dequeue() removes one item from the queue, copying it into msg.
+    Returns 1 if successful, and 0 if the queue is empty.
+    Returns pmBufferOverflow if what would have been the next thing
+    in the queue was dropped due to overflow. (So when overflow occurs,
+    the receiver can receive a queue full of messages before getting the
+    overflow report. This protocol ensures that the reader will be 
+    notified when data is lost due to overflow.
+ */
+PMEXPORT PmError Pm_Dequeue(PmQueue *queue, void *msg);
+
+
+/*
+    Pm_Enqueue() inserts one item into the queue, copying it from msg.
+    Returns pmNoError if successful and pmBufferOverflow if the queue was 
+    already full. If pmBufferOverflow is returned, the overflow flag is set.
+ */
+PMEXPORT PmError Pm_Enqueue(PmQueue *queue, void *msg);
+
+
+/*
+    Pm_QueueFull() returns non-zero if the queue is full
+    Pm_QueueEmpty() returns non-zero if the queue is empty
+
+    Either condition may change immediately because a parallel
+    enqueue or dequeue operation could be in progress. Furthermore,
+    Pm_QueueEmpty() is optimistic: it may say false, when due to 
+    out-of-order writes, the full message has not arrived. Therefore,
+    Pm_Dequeue() could still return 0 after Pm_QueueEmpty() returns
+    false. On the other hand, Pm_QueueFull() is pessimistic: if it
+    returns false, then Pm_Enqueue() is guaranteed to succeed. 
+
+    Error conditions: Pm_QueueFull() returns pmBadPtr if queue is NULL.
+    Pm_QueueEmpty() returns FALSE if queue is NULL.
+ */
+PMEXPORT int Pm_QueueFull(PmQueue *queue);
+PMEXPORT int Pm_QueueEmpty(PmQueue *queue);
+
+
+/*
+    Pm_QueuePeek() returns a pointer to the item at the head of the queue,
+    or NULL if the queue is empty. The item is not removed from the queue.
+    Pm_QueuePeek() will not indicate when an overflow occurs. If you want
+    to get and check pmBufferOverflow messages, use the return value of
+    Pm_QueuePeek() *only* as an indication that you should call 
+    Pm_Dequeue(). At the point where a direct call to Pm_Dequeue() would
+    return pmBufferOverflow, Pm_QueuePeek() will return NULL but internally
+    clear the pmBufferOverflow flag, enabling Pm_Enqueue() to resume
+    enqueuing messages. A subsequent call to Pm_QueuePeek()
+    will return a pointer to the first message *after* the overflow. 
+    Using this as an indication to call Pm_Dequeue(), the first call
+    to Pm_Dequeue() will return pmBufferOverflow. The second call will
+    return success, copying the same message pointed to by the previous
+    Pm_QueuePeek().
+
+    When to use Pm_QueuePeek(): (1) when you need to look at the message
+    data to decide who should be called to receive it. (2) when you need
+    to know a message is ready but cannot accept the message.
+
+    Note that Pm_QueuePeek() is not a fast check, so if possible, you 
+    might as well just call Pm_Dequeue() and accept the data if it is there.
+ */
+PMEXPORT void *Pm_QueuePeek(PmQueue *queue);
+
+/*
+    Pm_SetOverflow() allows the writer (enqueuer) to signal an overflow
+    condition to the reader (dequeuer). E.g. when transfering data from 
+    the OS to an application, if the OS indicates a buffer overrun,
+    Pm_SetOverflow() can be used to insure that the reader receives a
+    pmBufferOverflow result from Pm_Dequeue(). Returns pmBadPtr if queue
+    is NULL, returns pmBufferOverflow if buffer is already in an overflow
+    state, returns pmNoError if successfully set overflow state.
+ */
+PMEXPORT PmError Pm_SetOverflow(PmQueue *queue);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */